Three-dimensional active earth pressure from cohesive backfills with tensile strength cutoff     

Zheng-Wei Li  Tian-Zheng Li  Xiao-Li Yang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(7):942-961

Most of previous analyses on the active earth pressure were performed in two-dimensional cases using the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure function to describe the soil strength. However, all failures of retained slopes indicate a somewhat three-dimensional (3D) feature, and the M-C function is found to overestimate the tensile strength of cohesive soil. In this work, a kinematic limit analysis–based approach is developed for computing the 3D active earth pressure resulting from cohesive backfills. The concept of tensile strength cutoff is adopted to implement the reduction or elimination of tensile strength from the strength envelope. An extended 3D horn failure mechanism that is associated with the modified strength envelope is developed to characterize the collapse of retained slopes. The resultant of active earth pressure is evaluated from the work rate balance equation and expressed as an unfactored coefficient. The obtained results indicate that less support provided by the wall is required when allowing the existence of soil cohesion and 3D effects and that eliminating the tensile strength can observably increase the active earth pressure, especially for the backfill with a great level of cohesion.  相似文献   

基于IceBridge数据的南极别林斯高晋海的海冰厚度研究     

张建  杨元德  杨全明  汪楚涯 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):295-306

海冰变化与全球气候、 生态系统和人类活动密切相关， 海冰厚度是海冰变化研究的重要参数之一。全面立体高精度观测海冰厚度的最有效手段是航空遥感， 而冰桥计划（IceBridge）是当前南北极最大的航空遥感工程。基于2009 - 2014年冰桥计划的激光雷达高程数据和数字测图系统相机光学影像对南极别林斯高晋海的海冰厚度进行研究， 并结合降雪量等气象数据探讨该区域海冰厚度变化的原因。研究发现该海域的海冰厚度在2009 - 2014年间整体呈微弱增长趋势（0.07 m·a^-1）， 但是在95%置信水平下不具有显著性。2009 - 2011年呈现先增加后减少的大幅度变化， 其中2010年达到极大值2.42 m， 之后开始缓慢增加。海冰厚度的年际变化与降雪和近地表温度等气象要素相关， 二者相比较而言降雪为主要影响因素。  相似文献   

“一带一路”背景下中国国际航空网络的空间格局及演变     

杜方叶  王姣娥  谢家昊  杜德林 《地理科学进展》2019,38(7):963-972

2013年“一带一路”倡议提出将设施联通作为合作战略重点之一,航空网络作为设施联通的重要组成部分,其地位提升到新的高度。为评估“一带一路”倡议的提出对中国国际航空网络的影响,论文选取了2013年和2018年数据,从国际航线、国际航班以及通航城市3个方面分析“一带一路”倡议提出以来中国国际航空网络的空间格局及其演变特征。研究结果表明：① 整体上来看,“一带一路”倡议并未从根本上改变中国国际航空网络的空间格局,仍以东亚、东南亚、美国以及俄罗斯等地区和国家为主,5 a来其变化主要集中在进一步加深与已有城市的联系;② 从沿线国家来看,一带一路”倡议增加了与中国直接通航的沿线国家数量,并提升了沿线国家在中国国际航空网络中的地位;③ 越来越多的境内城市参与到中国对外开放格局中,且航线和航班在北京、上海、广州的聚集程度下降,而其他城市的航线和航班占比逐渐增加。  相似文献   

基于STIRPAT模型的内蒙古沙漠化地区环境压力分析     

樊胜岳  刘文文  周宁 《中国沙漠》2019,39(3):117-125

实现经济与生态环境的协调发展，已经成为当前治理沙漠化的巨大挑战。如何定量分析人类活动和自然条件对环境的影响，是当前环境经济学界研究的热点问题。以内蒙古自治区71个沙漠化县为研究对象，以1986—2010年为研究区间做面板空间计量实证分析。选取了人口、富裕度、技术水平、风速和降水作为环境基础指标构建STIRPAT模型，从环境压力内在驱动角度定量分析不同的自然因素和人为因素对沙漠化地区环境的综合影响。结果表明：在观测数据范围内，富裕度、技术水平、风速和降水是内蒙古自治区环境压力的主要驱动因素；富裕度每增加1%，环境压力显著增加0.096%；技术水平每变化1%，将引起环境压力相应发生0.084%的变化；风速和降水每变动1%分别使得沙漠地区环境压力显著地增加0.640%和减少0.216%。  相似文献   

Effects of long-term cyclic horizontal loading on bucket foundations in saturated loose sand     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

A 1-g model experimental study was conducted to investigate the accumulated rotations and unloading stiffness of bucket foundations in saturated loose sand. One-way horizontal cyclic loading was applied to model bucket foundations with embedment ratios 0.5 and 1.0. Up to 10⁴ cycles of loading were applied at a frequency of 0.2 Hz varying load amplitudes. The accumulated rotation of the bucket foundations increased with the number of cycles and the load amplitudes. Empirical equations were proposed to describe the accumulated rotation of the foundations. The unloading stiffness of foundations increased with the number of cycles but decreased with an increase in load amplitude. The initial unloading stiffness of L/D = 1.0 (L is skirt length; D is foundation diameter) was approximately twice that of L/D = 0.5. Excess pore water pressure difference of 50% was observed between L/D = 0.5 and 1.0. The suction and static capacity of the bucket increased with increase of bucket embedment ratio with a difference of 69.5% and 73.6% respectively between L/D = 0.5 and 1.0.  相似文献   

大气负荷对新疆地区地壳形变和地面重力变化的影响     

王海涛  王斌  王伟  章传银 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(2):189-194

基于ECMWF全球大气模型和中国地面气候资料日值数据集中新疆及周边的气象站气压数据，根据弹性地壳形变理论，采用移去-恢复法，利用负荷格林函数法和球谐函数法，计算新疆及周边区域2011~2015年大气负荷变化对地壳垂直、水平形变的影响，同时采用大气导纳方法计算大气变化对地面重力的影响。结果表明，大气负荷对新疆地区垂直形变的影响达到cm级，对地面重力的影响可达10 μGal；大气负荷影响具有明显的季节性。  相似文献   

Drying increases organic colloidal mobilization in the karst vadose zone: Evidence from a 15-year cave-monitoring study     

Jin Liao  Chaoyong Hu  Xiuli Li  Jiaoyang Ruan 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14163

Understanding the hydrological processes of colloids within the karst vadose zone is vital to the security of karst groundwater and providing appropriate paleohydrological explanations of colloid-facilitated metals in speleothem. This study addresses the mobilization mechanisms driving colloidal organic matter (COM) transport in the karst vadose zone using a 15-year long monthly monitoring dataset from a cave drip point (HS4) in Heshang Cave, Qingjiang Valley, China. Variations in COM concentrations were reported as the fluorescence difference values of raw and filtered (<0.22 μm) samples at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm and emission wavelength of ~400 nm. A fluorescence humification index (HIX) lower than 0.8 and an autochthonous index (BIX) higher than 1.2 indicated that the origin of COM was mainly from the karst vadose zone, rather than the soil zone. The COM concentration varied from 0.001 to 0.038 Raman Unit (RU), with evident seasonal fluctuations. Rising limbs for COM values occurred prior to rising limbs within a dripwater hydrograph; moreover, the COM peak values corresponding to the beginning of the increasing hydrograph generally suggested that the mobilization of COM reflected the movement of the air–water interface (AWI) in the karst vadose zone rather than rainfall intensity or flow velocity. COM peak values were positively correlated with the antecedent drying duration and negatively correlated with HIX values. These phenomena may be explained by the increased amount of organic matter that was aggregated and absorbed on the surface of carbonate in the karst vadose zone during a longer drying duration. Moreover, the longer drying duration was also beneficial to autochthonous biological activity, which subsequently decreased the HIX value of the organic matter in the karst vadose zone. The movement of AWI and the drying duration are both controlled by the outside weather conditions. This study is therefore conducive to evaluating the security of karst groundwater in response to climate change, and challenges prevailing paleoclimate interpretations of colloid-facilitated metal abundance timeseries reported from speleothems.  相似文献   

顾及地形起伏的无人机影像覆盖分析方法     

张衡  李骁  叶朋飞 《测绘通报》2020,(1):102-106

使用无人机实施测绘航空摄影时，由于无人机相对航高较低，地面起伏会对无人机影像的分辨率、覆盖范围、重叠度造成较大的影响，影像成果会出现分辨率不足、重叠度不够、覆盖漏洞等缺陷。针对这一情况，本文提出了一种利用数字微分正解法的计算方法，借助DEM准确计算每张影像的覆盖范围，并使用FME软件高效生成全部影像的覆盖范围。经过实际使用，验证了该方法可以在航线设计阶段准确预测并分析全部影像的覆盖范围、重叠度，因此可及时发现设计问题并调整航线。该方法可以有效减少因地形起伏造成的影像覆盖缺陷，减少返工现象，从整体上提高了作业效率。  相似文献   

迁入地资源环境压力指标体系构建与评价——以贵州省纳雍县为例     

郑钧宁  徐红 《测绘通报》2020,(8):126-130

选取贵州省纳雍县为易地扶贫迁入地研究对象，构建了评价指标体系，对迁入地资源环境压力进行了评价；同时应用层次分析法确定指标权重，计算资源环境压力，并将结果划分为相对高、中、低压力区3个等级。分析结果表明，纳雍县整体资源较为贫乏，生态环境较为脆弱，人均资源量较少，造成资源环境整体压力较大；由贫困发生率与资源环境评价值作相关分析，资源环境压力与贫困发生率呈弱负相关性。  相似文献   

地震断层对管道压溃压力的影响          下载免费PDF全文

余建星  袁祺伟  余杨  王华昆  王彩妹  赵岩 《世界地震工程》2020,(2):180-190

利用有限元软件ABAQUS,结合用户自定义Python程序,开展地震断层作用下深海管道局部变形和压溃过程的数值模拟。分析均质土体和随机分布土体模型的地震断层位移大小对管道局部变形的影响,并分析断层诱发的局部挤压变形对管道压溃压力的影响。研究表明:相比于断层走向与管道轴线方向垂直的走滑断层,断层走向与管道轴线方向夹角为45°的走滑断层作用下管道的压溃压力较小,且当断层走向为管道轴线方向逆时针旋转45°时,左旋走滑断层作用下管道的压溃压力低于右旋走滑断层作用下的管道压溃压力。断层位移相同时,管道径厚比越大,压溃压力越小。考虑土壤随机性时,由于APIX65钢制管道刚性较大,且管道两侧土体内聚力和摩擦角分散于均质土壤土体参数均值两侧,因此断层作用过程中管道受到的土压力在均质土壤模型中的土压力数值处上下波动。  相似文献